Observation of Child Growth Essay Example

Observation of Child Growth Essay Introduction red Development blue – Conclusion orange Individualism– Giving priority to one’s own goals over group          goals and defining one’s identity in terms of personal attributes          rather than group identification. For the first time in my life I am being an individualist. I am giving greater priority to my own personal goals. I honestly don’t know what I was thinking changing careers at the age of 42 but I am determined to get my nursing degree. For the next 2 years it will be about me and my own personal achievements. Aggression – Physical or verbal behavior intended to hurt          someone. I was married for 11 years to a very physically and verbally abusive man. Daily he told me what a piece of crap I was and belittled me every chance he got. He broke my nose, burnt my car to the ground and just about anything you could imagine. His aggression nearly destroyed me as a person. I am so thankful today to be out of that relationship. Human Growth and Development The child that is being observed is a little girl named Aliyah. She is 6 years of age and she is of African-American decent. She has curly black hair that comes down her back. She is somewhat larger than your average 6-year-old child. We will write a custom essay sample on Observation of Child Growth specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Observation of Child Growth specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Observation of Child Growth specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer She is about 4 feet 2 inches tall and weighs about 80 pounds. I am observing her while she is doing her homework. She is studying for the state testing which will be taking place in April. She truly demonstrates her cognitive skills by her studying methods and by how well her memory is able to quickly retain the information that she is studying. Due to her early education she is able to learn new words, which depicts the finer motor skills in child development that is more often found in girls. Aliyah is excited that she only has 4 pages of homework to do; she smiles gently at her mother who is helping her. Aliyah demonstrates the child functions that relate to the theories of middle childhood that are listed below. Middle Childhood These years are very important during ones development. During this time, children learn to read and calculate, develop social skills to interact with other children and significant adults, and, more generally, acquire the wider cultural and social values of citizenship. Understanding how this time affects later development should help policymakers better allocate resources across childhood (and the life course) to enhance childrens development and minimize their risk of negative adult outcomes. Physical Growth Growth slow in middle childhood, and wide differences in Child development that occurs from birth to adulthood was largely ignored throughout much of history. Children were often viewed simply as small versions of adults and little attention was paid to the many advances in cognitive abilities, language usage, and physical growth. Interest in the field of child development began early in the 20th-century and tended to focus on abnormal behavior. The following are just a few of the many child development theories that have been proposed by theorists and researchers. More recent theories outline the developmental stages of children and identify the typical ages at which these growth milestones occur. Sigmund Freud The theories proposed by Sigmund Freud stressed the importance of childhood events and experiences, but almost exclusively focused on mental disorders rather that normal functioning. According to Freud, child development is described as a series of psychosexual stages. In Three Essays on Sexuality (1915), Freud outlined these stages as oral, anal, phallic, latency and genital. Each stage involves the satisfaction of a libidinal desire and can later play a role in adult personality. Learn more in this article on Freud’s stages of psychosexual development. Erik Erikson Theorist Erik Erikson also proposed a stage theory of development, but his theory encompassed development throughout the human lifespan. Erikson believed that each stage of development was focused on overcoming a conflict. Success or failure in dealing with conflicts can impact overall functioning. Learn more about this theory in this article on Erikson’s stages of psychosocial development. Cognitive Child Development Theories Theorist Jean Piaget suggested that children think differently than adults and proposed a stage theory of cognitive development. He was the first to note that children play an active role in gaining knowledge of the world. Learn more in this article on Piaget’s stages of cognitive development. Behavioral Child Development Theories Behavioral theories of child development focus on how environmental interaction influences behavior and are based upon the theories of theorists such as John B. Watson, Ivan Pavlov and B. F. Skinner. These theories deal only with observable behaviors. Development is considered a reaction to rewards, punishments, stimuli and reinforcement. Learn more about these behavioral theories in these articles on classical conditioning and operant conditioning. Social Child Development Theories There is a great deal of research on the social development of children. John Bowbly proposed one of the earliest theories of social development. Bowlby believed that early relationships with caregivers play a major role in child development and continue to influence social relationships throughout life. Learn more in this overview of attachment theory. Did You Know? She claims that psychological research and political culture is highly influenced by, or should I say contaminated with, the myth of motherhood. Up to 19th century motherhood was not a full time job and an essential component for a healthy child development. This approach started to change at the end of the 19th century, when under the influence of politics, clergy and psychology, the weight of childs development was shifted from the society and father almost exclusively onto mother. It was believed at that time that what happens to the child is largely a product of who the mother is and what she does or does not do (Silverstein, 1026). The theory of heavy influence of mothers behavior on the child has been the subject of the research by Bowlby and Spitz on child care. It has led them both to similar conclusions. The research has shown that emotional disorders and intellectual retardation observed in institutionalized infants were the result of the deprivation of a continuous relationship with mother (Silverstein, 1026). This conclusion would seem completely logical if it was not for the fact that mothers actions, or their lack, were the only factor taken under consideration in the study. That problem was noticed by Rutter, who after analyzing his studies, came to a very challenging conclusion. He concluded that emotional disorders and intellectual retardation (? ) were the consequence of a wide range of factors (Silverstein, Early Child Development Early Child Development There are many key factors that play up to the role of early child development, starting from before the child is nonexistent, until the child is a full grown baby. Bodily Processes of Reproduction There are numerous hormones in the human body that play key factors in allowing a human being to reproduce successfully When infants are born they want to be loved and cared in what ever relationships they are with their caregivers, so that they could survive and could feel sense of    security and warmth , which without a caregiver is impossible ,talking about caregivers ,mother would be the primary source of forming an infants first relationship by whom the baby would take his first leap towards his growth and development and would keep continuing making his advances further in many domains of psychological development , whether social or cognitive. Some key features which play an important role in his early psychological development are meshing, imitation, and scaffolding . But which theoretical approach of    development would imply in infants early psychological development    , will it be behaviorism, nativism, constructivism or social constructivism or will they over lap with one another in their implication thus it would be    analyzed and explored during the mother and infant interaction and behaviour in different processes like imitation, scaffolding etc but what are these processes? And how they influence and play an important role in types of psychological development (social, cognitive, and in language development) KEY FEATURES OF INFANT FIRST RELATIONSHIP Meshing is one of the key features of relationship in mother ? infant interaction. Behaviour of both an infant and mother are meshed together. The common situation of meshing is witnessed when a smooth conversation between two people is going on and each person waits for his turn taking either to speak or to listen, this indicates mutual action happening simultaneously. Trevarthen(1993) called it as co-regulation the aspects of turn taking and synchronizing, furthermore he described them through speech and non verbal behaviour, such as nods, eye contacts

The Airline Industry Airbus

The Airline Industry Airbus Abstract The airline industry has witnessed increased competition in the last few decades brought about by realignment of the key players in the sector. Airbus relies on a unique business model that aims in providing cost effectiveness through engineer to order systems while Boeing places more emphasis on the interests of the customers during production.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Airline Industry: Airbus specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Both companies are always investing heavily in technological developments with the aim of producing cost effective jets. There exist comparisons between the production strategies of the two manufacturers while concerted measures are required to address the inherent risks in the business. Innovation and utilisation of advanced technology remains the major driver of product development in the aircraft industry. Introduction The airline industry has witnessed increased competit ion in the last few decades brought about by realignments of the key players in the sector. While Boeing and Airbus are the dominant players in the field, other smaller entities have surfaced with innovative business strategies aimed at carving a niche ion the production of high speed jet liners. Innovation and incorporation of the latest technology has resulted in spirited competition between the two giants with Airbus narrowing the gap on its rival in the last ten years. The success in the airlines production business is sustained through adoption of unique and customer focused production development strategy. This essay will provide a summary and a comparison of the product development strategy for airbus and Boeing, other competitors in jet liners production and various ways in which Airbus can spread the major risks facing its ventures. Boeing and Airbus product development strategy Boeing Company has continually led its competitors in the production of commercial jet liners ca pable of ferrying hundreds of passengers at a time. While Airbus has continually challenged its grip at the helm, the innovativeness and consideration of consumers interests in the production phase has made to hold on to the market leader position. The two companies share similarities in that their production is inherently reliant on the most recent and advanced technology aimed at fulfilling the customised demand of their customers. Boeing has dominated the business in the America region while the Asian and European airlines usually rely on jets assembled by airbus.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Airbus relies on a unique business model that aims in spreading its core activities in different countries across the globe thus ensuring the integration of all related services during the production. In fact, the 160 locations distributed across the globe are complement ed by combination of research and development centers and manufacturing bases strategically situated in Spain, Germany, UK and France. Moreover, the company operates several subsidiaries in china and recently in Japan and North America. Airbus greatly relies on a unique engineer-order strategy that has continually boosted the synchronisation of the supply in relation to the demand systems (Airbus, 2010). More importantly, the manufacturer has embraced a consortium-oriented approach in relation to its product development. This is achieved through its reliance on the high degree of integration of the production process largely in the single-aisle and the popular wide-body commercial jets. The integration process has resulted in airbus producing the largest airplane (A380) with the capacity to carry slightly below 800 passengers at a time that was to provide intense competition to Boeing 787 dream liner (Airbus In addition to the production systems, Airbus has established several distr ibution centers for its spare parts in the Far East with the sole intention of fulfilling the needs of the Chinese commercial fleet market. The strategic move adopted by Airbus that depicted a constellation of beneficiaries in the fleet business has endeared them to chin and several governments in the globe, hence creating a competitive edge over its main rivals. On the other hand, Boeing Company came up with an innovative strategy with the sole intention of introducing jet liners with unique and new features from the available models in the world. The company adopted a longer-range product strategy that will enhance the production of large aircraft with capabilities of achieving higher speeds and carrying more than 500 passengers. Boeing production strategy is inherently focused on developing aircraft according to the needs and demands of the customers. In fact, their research and development team has dedicated their efforts in developing a faster and larger aircraft that would enh ance time savings during travels and reduce overall transportation costs for the airlines. According to Boeing (2010), the company continuously engages in communication with its customers with regard to the type and nature of flights that could prove useful in the long term.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Airline Industry: Airbus specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The customers’ desires of larger and faster aircrafts resulted in the initiation of development efforts towards aircraft that proved satisfactory to the customers. With more emphasis on custonmer preferences, Boeing has incorporated several features such as higher speeds, environmental benefits occasioned by quieter landings and largely by takeoffs in their development efforts. More importantly, the incorporation of longer range and planes with the ability to offer comfort while cruising at higher altitudes brought new excitement in commercial av iation. Boeing production strategy is therefore reliant on distance and capacity to enhance cost effectiveness in the airlines industry (Campos, 2001). How does Airbus strategy compare with Boeings? Airbus and Boeing are ideal examples of a comprehensive competitive case especially in the manufacture and marketing of their products. For the last three decades, the two rival rivals have engaged in stiff competition with airbus wrestling Boeing as the market leader (Irwin Pavcnik, 2004). Despite the fact that both rivals utilise different strategies in their production, similarities are inherent especially in their business models. Both companies are always investing heavily in technological developments with the aim of producing cost effective jets, thereby resulting in production of more variants while taking shorter time to introduce them in the markets. For instance, airbus integrates Windchill solutions to optimise its overall performance in operations and maintenance (Parametri c Technology Corporation, 2010). On the other hand, Boeing utilises team center solutions to improve on the life cycle management of its products. Although the companies have recorded different success with the software in the past several years, both still acknowledge the merits occasioned by their appropriate utilisation (Irwin Pavcnik, 2004). With regard to previous setbacks in aircraft development brought about by incompatibilities in the software, airbus has embraced latest technological solutions that enhance the synchronisation of its operations. Windchill and team center solutions has brought on board innovation and improved productivity through seamlessly linking people and product processes with invaluable knowledge throughout the life cycle (Leea et al, 2008).Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Who else is competing for the high-speed jet liner? After many years of dominance by Boeing and lately by airbus, the jetliner business is gaining momentum amid increased competition and investment in production by Chinese manufacturers. In addition to the Chinese manufacturer, Embraer has emerged as a formidable force in the jet industry and has continually increased its market share. The Brazilian based outfit is popularly credited in the production of not only commercial and executive aircraft but also military and in the provision of comprehensive aeronautical services to airlines especially in large parts of South America. Although the company do not have the financial and infrastructural capability to destabilise the duo-poly enjoyed by the two main rivals, the Brazilian conglomerate has created itself a niche in the narrow-body category. In fact, the Embraer E-jets series have gained wide acceptance hence substantially improving its presence in the globe, although it faces st iff competition from Bombardier Aerospace in the manufacturing of jets especially in the regional market. The duopoly exhibited by the two giants will come under check once china unveils its fleet of home-grown jetliners. The collaboration between several US companies with the Chinese government aims to set up the requisite infrastructure that will eventually herald the initiation of manufacture of C919. Although the first batch of the aircraft is expected not earlier than 2016, major realignments in the aviation have started shaping with many companies placing orders for the aircrafts. The tough regulations put in place for investors and partners in the venture are likely to cause loss of business for both rivals owing to the fact that china is expected to be the single largest country to experience exponential growth in air traffic and infrastructure in the next 20 years (MacPherson Pritchard, 2003). The determination of the Chinese government and the heavy investments in the pro ject is believed to enhance the successful completion of the project that will eventually set pace for china to emerge as the leading manufacture of jet liners with capacity of slightly more than 150 passengers. Although the collapse of Soviet Union destabilised the economic power of Russia and aircraft manufacturers, llyushin and Tupolev still produce large jets despite commanding a slice of the market share. Through their jets with capacities of between 200 to 400 passengers, the manufacturers still produce aircrafts mainly for countries in Europe although majority of the designs have since ceased production owing to a constellation of market forces (Irwin Pavcnik, 2004). Plans are underway to create a major aircraft manufacture in Russia through consolidation of the fragmented aircraft manufacturer. Its worth noting that there is urgent to consolidate the ineffective aircraft manufacturers while investing colossal amounts of money in order to offer any meaningful competition to Airbus and Boeing in the long term. Spreading of inherent risks in Airbus ventures Like any other venture, Airbus has suffered diverse challenges and setbacks in its production and largely its marketing strategy of their fleet owing to wide reengaging factors in the business environment. Delays in production and design coupled with economic factors have proved the major factors that have continually the smooth running of operations. The weakening of the dollar and the failure to acquire requisite materials needed to ensure the aircraft conform to the projected designs has led to increased frustrations to both the management team and the buyers. In order to address the challenges, Airbus must take concerted efforts towards mitigating its production and marketing from external shocks. Risk sharing through spreading of components of production in different continents will cushion the company from external shocks experienced in a specific country. The spread of the various components su ch as assembly, design and largely fabrication has ensured the airline stays profitable and also cushions it from unwarranted economic sanctions. In fact, its embracement of a common pooling of various investors based in different countries has resulted in the popularity of its jet-liners in Europe and china. Outsourcing some of its con-core services and maintenance services can diminish the risks particularly in terms of assembly costs. Contracting of India and Chinese firms to maintain the jet-liners plying the Far East routes will enhance savings in terms of time and money for the airlines and the manufacturer. More importantly, the internationalisation of its core operations such as assembling helps it concentrate in mass production of specific categories of its fleet (Airbus, 2010). For instance, the final assembly point in china has rapidly enhanced the production of A320 family fleets. Risks sharing cushioned the company the hard effects of the global meltdown. Decentralisati on of its core operations will also improve the overall manufacturing process thereby meeting the consumer specifications while maintaining limited noise externally and also on the cabins. It is worth noting that the engineer to order system employed by Airbus has enhanced its ability to cushion itself from unexpected shocks since it allows high level of process integration across the various categories of jets (Irwin Pavcnik, 2004). Conclusion The divergent approaches adopted by the manufacturers in the production system have occasioned development of different variants of aircrafts that has caused realignment of customers. More importantly, Airbus has strengthened its expansion programs and upgraded its technological solutions thereby ensuring synchronisation of its core operations. To remain cost effective and competitive in the aircraft industry, the manufacturers must whole heartedly embrace technology, take into consideration customers’ preferences and decentralise maj ority of the core operations to remain afloat in turbulent economic times. Reference list Airbus. (2010). Corporate information: people and organization. Web. Boeing. (2010). Commercial airplanes. Web. Campos, L. (2001). On the competition between Airbus and Boeing. Air Space Europe, 3(1-2), 11-14. GLG Expert Contributor. (2007). Airbus Failure and Boeings Success with Project Life Cycle Management Software. New York: Management GLG Management. Web. Irwin, D. Pavcnik, N. (2004). Airbus versus Boeing revisited: international competition in the aircraft market. Journal of International Economics, 64(2), 223-245. Leea, S., Maa, S., Thimma, S. Verstraeten, J. (2008). Product lifecycle management in aviation maintenance, repair and overhaul. Computers in Industry, 59(2-3), 296-303. MacPherson, A. Pritchard, D. (2003). The international decentralisation of US commercial aircraft production: implications for US employment and trade. Futures, 35(3), 221-238. Parametric Technology Corpor ation. (2010). Airbus Strengthens Its Strategic Partnership with PTC with Deployment of Windchill ®. Web.

ICT Mathematics Project Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

ICT Mathematics Project - Essay Example Averages The mean, median and mode are the measures to determine the central tendency of test data. As the data sets are not grouped the mean is achieved through summing all values (x) of the test data and dividing by the total number of values (n) i.e. 500. Similarly the median for ungrouped data is estimated by finding the middle value of the test data when arranged in ascending order. Mode for ungrouped data is found by spotting out the most occurring value of the data set. In this case, mode for house is 146, while that for car is 0. Table 1 Mean, Median and Mode of Raw Datasets House Car Mean 354.174 276481.878 Median 359 217174 Mode 146 0 Using mode we can know which value mostly contributes in the mean value estimated. Standard Deviation and Variation Mean, median and mode give limited information about the data. E.g. two data sets having the same mean may be broadly apart in their value from one another. So, the measures of Standard Deviation (s) and Variation (v) were used t o estimate how far each value of the dataset is from the mean of the dataset. The high standard deviation and variance values of the car data indicates the wide spread of data from the mean. The relatively smaller standard deviation and variance value of the house indicates that the data lies relatively close on either sides of the mean as compared to the car. As the data sets are ungrouped, the formula used for estimating standard deviation was: Squaring the value of standard deviation gives us the Variation. Table 2 Variance and Standard Deviation of Raw Datasets House (in 10,000rmb) Car Variance 39872.45172 69623323280 Standard Deviation 199.6808747 263862.3188 Standard Deviation and Variance is used to understand what a normal value is for a data set. For example, using the mean value of House from Table 1 (i.e. 354) and considering the above table, the value of 199 indicates that all data values that generate SD value as 199 are normal values. Any value outside this range is co nsidered as an outlier i.e. House value is either too low or too high. Range and IQR The mean, median, mode, standard deviation and variance are not able to indicate the spread of the data. So, Range and IQR are two measures of spread. Through range of house and car, we would know the difference of the lowest and highest values. In case we wish to know the median of the middle 50% of data, we would use the Interquartile Range. This specialized version of range would tell us the difference of the middle values of the first and third halves (25th and 75th percentile) of the data that is arranged in ascending order. Table 3 gives the range and IQR of the datasets. Table 3 Range and IQR of Raw Datasets    House Car Range 689 998897 Q1 180 72017.5 Q3 515 339674.75 IQR 335 267657.25 The value of Range of car tells us the difference of the lowest and highest value of the entire data set. IQR, on the other hand, provides us with the range of only the middle 50% subset of the dataset. Diff erence of the two measures from Standard Deviation is that as SD considers all data points, so the effect of any outlier data points is accounted for as well while estimating the mean which is undesirable. With range the spread estimated is intended to include the outlier data points. With IQR, as only the middle points of data portions are considered, the extreme or outlier data points are ignored, unlike the standard deviation. Scatter Plot of Raw

Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 34

Essay Example This study will focus on one nation, the Iroquois, as a prime example. The Iroquois people, who called themselves Haudenosaunee envisioned their Nation as being one giant family. In truth they created a governing body that was a family of nations. The name, Haudenosaunee, which is used to refer to this Iroquois nation, means literally, "People of the Longhouse." They built long houses that were large structures creating a long hall and became the meeting place for local and distant chieftains and other dignitaries to speak, make laws, give announcements, etc. Some of these structures were hundreds of feet long for meeting of all the nations, while single villages’ were less than fifty feet in length. However, the width and height of longhouses varied only slightly. Haudenosaunee longhouses were usually between twenty and thirty feet wide and the apex of their roofs were generally between eighteen to twenty feet high. The true center of longhouse family relationships revolved around the fireside family. (Johnson, 2003, p. 12) In fact their many c enturies old culture may have actually been the first congress of democracy in the America’s long before the Declaration of Independence or the United States Constitution. The Iroquois Nation was bound together by what is probably the worlds first constitution, known as the Gayanashagowa (Great Law of Peace). They are also touted as being the first true participatory democracy on the planet. (Benner, 2005, p. 32) They formed a United Nations among themselves. While our very recent constitution states that â€Å"all men are created equal,† in practice if certain people have something you need and do not want to give it up, then suddenly they are no longer people, savages and not men, but animals. While there had always been many disputes over the Native American, the Iroquois would find that in 1785 New York and its then Governor, George Clinton, along with a company called The New York Genesee

Japanese history Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Japanese history - Essay Example Japanese modernization journey progressed further in the Meiji era. Meiji presented an enlightened system of leadership and served to emphasize Japan’s central control in the unequal treaties with Western countries (Waddell and Abe 40). During this period, the administration created a flexible pattern that allowed Japanese to effectively borrow and embrace experiences from other nations. Thus, it empowered technological advancements. The oligarchs too guided the country through beneficial modernization process. Important in this era is the promotion of nationalism and unity among citizens. Furthermore, education progressed patriotism and national pride. In addition, the era addressed shortcomings of the samurai. Despite the significant progress, Japan still experienced challenges. Taika reforms accentuated centralization and enhanced the authority of the imperial court. During the era, Japan rationalized T’ang model, taxation, and land tenure system. Hence, Taika reforms played a crucial role towards rationalizing land and in forming network institutions that assisted the central government. To enhance order in the society, Kamakura shogunal system applied rule by the military aristocracy that occupied predominant local power. The system promoted valuation of land as a measure of wealth. However, it operated in perturbed tandem with the economic and political system positioned in Kyoto. It is also notable that even though the Emperor lacked authority to eliminate old order, he used the system to consolidate his power.

Effectiveness of Exercise Programme to Prevent Falls

Effectiveness of Exercise Programme to Prevent Falls This chapter deals with the information collected in relation to the present study through published and unpublished materials for foundation, to prepare and to carry out the research work. SECTION A: Reviews related to need of exercise programme SECTION B: Reviews related to effect of age on balance SECTION C: Reviews related to effect of exercise on balance A: Reviews related to needs of exercise programme. Gardner, M.M.et al., (2000) conducted a study to assess the effectiveness of exercise programme in preventing falls. The design used for this study was controlled clinical trials. A total of 4933 older adults were participated, including both Men and women.11 trials met the criteria for inclusion, in which 8 of them were separate exercise interventions. Out of 8, five of them showed a significant reduction in falls rate. The conclusion of this study was, exercise is effective in reducing the fall risk in selected groups. Faber, MJ.et al.,(2006) conducted a study to assess the effectiveness of exercise programme on mobility and falls among prefrail and frail older people. The design used for this study was multicenter randomized controlled study. The setting of the study was 15 long term care centers in Amsterdumin Netherland. 278 men and women (mean age ±SD, 85 ±6y) were included in the study. Exercise programmes were randomly distributed across 15 Homes. Each home participant was assigned to an intervention group and control group. The main outcome measures were performance oriented mobility assessment, physical performance score, and the Groningen activity restriction scale. Fall incidence was higher in control group 2.5 falls/year, but in case of experimental group2.4 falls/year. The conclusion of this study was fall incidences were higher in elderly people, who didn’t undergo exercise programme as compared to experimental group. Sherrington,C.et al.,(2008) conducted a systematic review with meta-analysis among old age people to assess the effectiveness of exercise programme on falls and to find out any particular components are associated with reduction in falls. The design used for this study was systematic review with Meta-analysis. Randomized controlled trials that compaired falls rate in older people of both experimental group and control group. The pooled estimate effect of exercise was that it reduces the incidence of falls rate by 17% with 95% confidence interval p Theou, O.et al., (2011) conducted a study to examine the effectiveness of current exercise programme on frailty management. The study design was systematic review. For the randomized controlled trial 8 electronic databases were searched, which helps to identify the participants were frail either in title, abstract, text, or in exercise. Three of the 47 studies utilized a validated definition of fragility to categorize the participants. Evidence suggested that exercise had a positive impact on functional ability outcomes. Cadore, E.L. et al., (2013) conducted a study to review the effect of exercise on functional ability of frail older adults. The study mainly focused on falls rate, lower body strength, and gait and balance. The data were collected from science direct, Medline from 1990-2012.Twenty studies were investigated, in that ten trials were mainly regarding the effect of exercise on balance performance and seven of them showed enhanced balance. As conclusion the authors says that there was great significance in multicomponent exercise intervention on gait ability, balance, strength, and reduction of falls rate among physically frail older adults. Fairhall,G., et al., (2006) conducted a study to examine the perspectives of older people in a community falls prevention programme. The design used for this study was grounded theory approach. The intervention was based on 2 hour sessions, which took place in a community group setting once a week for 7 weeks. The cohorts of the older people were recruited through editorials in local papers and from mail shots. The volunteering older persons were to be more than 70 years, with previous history of falls or have concerned about falling. Participants were interviewed after 3 months following the fall prevention programme. The participants were able to recall all the aspect of content learning during the programme. From those interventions, exercise was the only beneficial and enjoyable intervention to the participants. The conclusion of the study reveals that exercise is one of an important fall prevention programme. Seoa B.D et al., (2008) conducted a study to compare the effectiveness of resistance and balance exercise for the reduction of fall risk among elderly females above the age group of 65 years. The design adopted for the study was single blind controlled trial, conducted for 12 weeks with pre and post exercise assessment. Ninety-five participants were randomly assigned to one of three groups: resistance-training group, balance training group, and control group. The first two group showed significant improvement in balance as compared to control group after the intervention(p Debolt, L.S et al., (2004) conducted a study to examine the effectiveness of home based resistance exercise programme on mobility, power and balance in people with multiple sclerosis. The study was conducted in general community. The design used for this study was experimental group design. The sample size was twenty seven.19 of them were women and 8 of them were men.The group randomly divided into experimental group and control group. Experimental group underwent resistance exercise programme and control group for normal physical activity. The results of the study assessed by using, mobility assessment with the Up and Go test scale and leg extensor power rig. According to pretest score 3.19 and for posttest score was 3.95. So the authors concluded that home based resistance exercise training is effective to improve the leg extensor power within a short period of time. B: Reviews related to the effects of age on balance Teimoori,A.et al., (2012) conducted a study to examine the age at which loss of muscle velocity, balance in adult healthy Iranian Females.928 Iranian female participated in this study. They were in the age group of 20-26 years. The participants were divided in to four age groups. Balance ,velocity were assessed for each group according to the age group and timed by digital stop watch. The study showed that, between the age group of 23-30 years the muscle velocity and balance were same. But in case of 40 age group balance and muscle velocity were declined. By using one way ANOVA test balance and muscle velocity were differed with pnd and 3rddecades.The authors identified that age, balance, and muscle velocity had significant relationship with aging Tiffani E et al., (2006) conducted a study to examine the association between measures of dynamic and static balance and performance of mobility task in elderly people of Western Carolina University. The design used was cross sectional analysis. The subjects were 195 community dwelling participants. Associations between balance and mobility measures were examined by using correlation and regression. Dynamic and static balance were moderately associated(r=-.462).Regression age and balance were significant predictors of walking speed outcome. The authors concluded that, assessment of dynamic and static balance is an important, to know the physical functioning and mobility of elderly people. Abrahamova,D. et al., conducted a study to examine aspects of balance control changes with age. The subjects participated for the study was between the age group (20-82).Centre of foot pressure positions used to evaluate body sway during a 50 second interval. Seven cop parameters were used to assess quiet stance and were analyzed in three groups. The regression analysis showed evident increase of body sway over 60 years of age. The normality of distribution of each cop parameter was examined by using the Kolmogorov –smirnov test. Mann Whitney test was used to analyze the differences between the age groups, if not normally distributed. If the cop parameters were normally distributed than two ways. ANOVA was used to analyze the differences between the age groups. The level of significance was set at p Gomes,M.M al., (2012) conducted a study to analyze the postural control at different age. The aim of the study is to evaluate static and dynamic balance as well as the pattern of muscle activation in elderly women from different age groups. A total of 57 women, divided in to 3 groups according to their age. Group 1(n) =17, group2 (n) =20, group3 (n) =20.The center of pressure were analyzed. According to the age group, the participants showed similar displacement and muscle activation during static posture and dynamic posture. As by conclusion, the study proved that aging had an influence on balance and posture among elderly group. Osama, B et al., (2004) conducted a study on 30 normal elderly individuals and 40 normal young adults between the age group of (20-40) years. The purpose of this study was to know the balance in elderly, and to compare postural stability, balance control and gait pattern in normal elderly persons to those of normal young adults. All participants were subjected to history taking, full routine balance test and functional test. When comparing the balance scales there was a significant difference between the two groups were noticed. (p=0.005).From this study, the results proved that there was a significant decrease in scores of different balance scales in elderly persons compared to young adults, besides that there was significant decrease in percent of maximum stability and was lesser in older subjects as compared to younger subjects C: Reviews related to effect of exercise on balance Knerl,CJ et al.,(2009) conducted a study to examine the effect of 6 weeks of balance training and strength training on dynamic balance in older adults.51 seniors were participated.(17male and 34 females) between the age group of 60 and 93 years. Participants were divided in to 4 groups. 3 treatment groups and one control group. Each group were tested on measures of dynamic balance, flexibility and strength before and after 6 weeks of the exercise programme by using the outcome measures like Fullerton advanced balance scale. Repeated ANOVA’S shows that upper body strength and lower body flexibility including balance increased significantly (p Gusi,et al., (2013) conducted a study to determine the effects of balance training protocol with the balance system in institutionalized older people. 40 older adults were involved in study. The experimental group completed 12 week balance training protocol,2 sessions per week. Both the groups ‘received the same multidisciplinary care. The outcome measures were dynamic balance with the use of fall risk scale. The outcome measures were measured before and after the intervention. As compaired to control group, the experimental group had greater improvement at 12 weeks in case of dynamic balance. By conclusion the authors says that exercise programme was feasible on dynamic balance in institutionalized older people. More, T.S, Rao, K., et al., (2012) conducted a study to evaluate the effectiveness of 10 weeks of balance and strength training on dynamic balance of older adults. The study design was randomized controlled trial consists of 52 older adults between the age group of (60-75) years with having poor balance and strength. They were divided in to strength training group (Group A), balance training group (Group B) and combination group(Group C).The duration of the training programme was 10 weeks. Outcome measures used were berg balance scale and senior fitness scale. Within the group statistical analysis done by using paired t test within the groups, which shows that marked improvement in all age groups with (p Ullumen, G et al., (2010) conducted a study to examine the effects of exercise in improving balance, balance confidence and mobility in elderly people. The design used for this study was randomized control trial. The participants were randomly assigned to experimental group(n=25) and control group(n=22).The experimental group were attended 5 week of exercise programme,60 minutes 3 times per week. The outcome measures were (timed up and go), balance confidence scale, falls efficacy scale. Pretest and post test were conducted. After the intervention, in experimental group balance (p=0.030) and mobility (p=0.042) were increased, while fear of falling (p=0.042) decreased significantly. The participants of experimental group showed improvements in balance confidence (p=0.054).As by conclusion the researchers suggests that exercises are an effective way to improve mobility and balance, thus by reducing the risk of falling among community –dwelling elderly people. Zamanian, F., (2011) conducted a study to investigate the effects of balance exercise training on fall risk and postural control among older adults especially women.40 elderly people were participated in this study. The static balance and fall risk were measured by using Tandem and semi-tandem test, berg balance scale questionare.The subjects were divided in to experimental group and control group. Experimental group underwent 8 weeks of exercise programme. The control group didn’t participate in any of training programme. Outcome measures were analyzed after the intervention. Comparison was carried out by using paired t test and independent t test and correlation analyzed by Pearson correlation. After balance training the ability of older women in semi tandem and in tandem position was (p=0.007) and (p=0.02) respectively. So from this study, the authors concluded that balance control improves the postural control and reduces the risk of fall in older women (p=0.001). Helbostard, JL et al., (2004) conducted a study to determine the effectiveness of home training exercises on functional abilities of old aged people with functional disabilities and balance problems. The design adopted for this Study was randomized trial with 77 persons aged 75 or more than that. Home training and combined training group were included in this study, for a period of 12 weeks. The exercises, rate of falls and balance functions were assessed with the outcome measures like Timed up and Go test, Maximum step length and timed pick up and sit to stand(p Bird, M et al.,(2009) conducted a study to examine the long term effects of a multicomponent exercise on balance ,mobility, and exercise behavior among healthy older adults between the age group of (65-75) years. The design used for the study was randomized control intervention. The duration of the study was 12 months. Differences between those subjects, who continued to exercise and those who discontinued were investigated. The subjects who continued exercise had significantly greater improvement in strength after the intervention as compaired to those who discontinued. (p=0.004) Bird, M.L et al., (2012) conducted a study to evaluate the effects of a Pilates intervention on balance and function among community dwelling older adults above 60 years. The design used was randomized cross over study for 16 weeks, conducted in university exercise clinic. Community dwelling older adults (n=32) were selected. Out of 32, 27 were completed the intervention. Participants were allocated to either 5 weeks of a group Pilates training intervention for experimental group and 5 weeks of usual activity for control. After the 6 week, subjects performed alternate intervention. The outcome measures were 4 square test and Timed up and Go test. The results revealed that there was a significant improvement in static and dynamic balance from pre post Pilates (p Bulat, T et al (2007) conducted a study to assess the effectiveness of group functional balance training on balance outcomes in community dwelling elderly people. The study was conducted in Haley Veterans hospital in USA. The research design adopted for this study was one group pretest post-test. The participated study subjects were 51.These study subjects were participated in functional balance training programme once in a week and it lasts for a period of eight weeks.1 hour classes were conducted weekly ones.84% of elderly people were completed five or more classes weekly. The outcome measures were evaluated by using berg balance scale, Limits of stability, before and after the balance training classes. The result of the study reveals that, there was a significant improvement in the Berg Balance Scale (p

Vicos New Science: The Unity of Piety and Wisdom :: Philosophy Philosophical Essays

Vico's New Science: The Unity of Piety and Wisdom ABSTRACT: In Vico’s New Science wisdom is understood in a double sense. On the one hand, wisdom means the poetic wisdom that provides intelligibility for the peoples of the nations during their early stages of development. On the other hand, wisdom means the noetic knowledge gained by the Vichian scientist who contemplates concrete historicity in the light of the New Science. By means of an examination of three principle aspects of Vico’s science, and by looking to his conception of the origin of the most rudimentary institutions of humanity, primordial piety— fear of the mythic other— is shown to be the origin of poetic wisdom. And, by focusing on the necessity of surmounting the conceit of scholars and the conceit of nations for a science of universal history, philosophical piety— openness to the wholly Other— is revealed as the ground of philosophical wisdom. This paper sets out to show how Vico’s science of the principles of humani ty is, at the same time, a science of the unity of piety and wisdom. In the final paragraph of his magnum opus, the New Science, Giambattista Vico (1668-1744) provides a summarizing statement concerning the overall character of the work: Insomma, da tutto cià ² che si Ã…   quest' opera ragionato, Ã…   da finalmente conchiudersi che questa Scienza porta indivisiblmente seco lo studio della piet†¦, e che, se non siesi pio, non si puà ² daddovero esser saggio. [To sum up, from all that has been set forth in this work, it is to be finally concluded that this science carries inseparably with it the study of piety, and that he who is not pious cannot be truly wise.] Why did Vico conclude the New Science with the assertion that, from everything set forth in this work, this science carries inseparably with it the study of piety? And why did he choose to end the New Science with the declaration: "He who is not pious, cannot be truly wise"? In what sense is Vico's New Science a science of piety? Vico's conception of the ideal eternal history— the universal pattern of the histories of all the nations— signifies a passage from the traditional metaphysical conception of history, as the history of beings, to a metaphysic or science of the certain as the certain reflects or embodies the common nature of nations. This common nature of nations, moreover, is seen in the light of divine providence.

Econ 7002 Tutorial 1

ECON 7002: Semester 1 2012 Tutorial Topic 1 Tutorial Topic 1 CHAPTER 1 Practise Economics: Question 2: In light of your answer to question 1, provide some explanations for the apparent differences in the relative share of government expenditure in the countries listed in the above table. Governments spend money on social security, health services, infrastructure such as roads, bridges etc, and transfer payments such as unemployment benefits and pensions.The disparity within the table is partially a reflection of the strength of the taxation system (without a strong tax system the government will lack the revenue to cover expenditure on the areas noted above); the need for government to replace private investment expenditure and the position of the government within the economy, that is a â€Å"planned† versus a â€Å"free† economy. In the case of Australia, although it is classified as a mixed economy the relatively high level of government expenditure is accounted for by the strong taxation system and broad base of social security payments.Conceptual Questions: Question 4: What are economic resources? Give some examples of each type of economic resource. Economic resources are also termed â€Å"Factors of Production† and can be divided into Physical and Human Resources that can then be broken down further into:  ¦  ¦  ¦ Land: forests, arable land, minerals and water Labour: physical and mental labour Capital; physical capital such as factories, machinery and infrastructure. Remember MONEY is NOT an economic resource as it does not produce anything.Entrepreneurship: the ability to put the various other resources together in an innovate manner- also a risk bearer  ¦ One of the most important points to remember is that all economic resources are scarce and therefore we need to make choices. Analytical Questions: Question 3: Graph the data in the table. Are there constant or increasing opportunity costs for the production of missiles? There are increasing opportunity costs in the production of missiles because the production of cars falls at a higher rate as larger quantities of missiles are produced. ECON 7002: Semester 1 2012 Tutorial Topic 1 40? Guided? Missiles? (thousands)? 35? 30? 25? 20? 15? 10? 5? 0? 0? 2? 4? 6? Cars? (millions)? P1? P2? P3? 8? 10? 12? Question 7: Suppose improvement occurs in the technology of producing guided missiles but not in producing cars. (a) Draw the new production possibilities curve on the diagram that you created in answering question 3. P1 is the original PPC and P2 represents an improvement in the technology of producing guided missiles but not in the production of cars.The production possibilities curve therefore rotates clockwise with the maximum possible production of cars (8 million) unchanged and an increase in the maximum possible number of missiles produced. (b) Now draw a curve that reflects technological improvement in the production of both products. P3 represents an improvement in the technology of producing both cars and guided missiles and therefore an increase in the possible production of both. Discussion Questions: Question 3: Comment on the following statement from a ewspaper: ‘Our secondary school serves a splendid hot meal for a dollar without costing the taxpayers anything, thanks in part to a government subsidy. ’ All government subsidies are ultimately borne by taxpayers. The cost will either result in an increase in taxes to pay for the subsidy or some other government expenditure must be forgone, or the government will spend newly created money, which will be inflationary and thus be paid for by taxpayers through higher prices for other goods and services. Thus, this statement is incorrect. 2

A.I.D.S. essays

A.I.D.S. essays Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome A.I.D.S., also known as Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome, is a disorder of the bodys immune system. In A.I.D.S. the body stops producing some of its important natural defenses against disease. Victims often die from disease of infections they cannot fight. A.I.D.S is the result of an infection known as HIV, human immunodeficiency virus. A person with HIV gradually loses function of their immune system, becoming less able to fight off common colds and virus, thus eventually leading to death. HIV was first revealed in the early 80s in homosexual men. Infection with HIV does not necessarily mean that a person does have A.I.D.S. A person can be HIV positive for years without developing illnesses that are associated with the A.I.D.S. disease. HIV is characterized by a gradual deterioration of the immune system. Cells known as T-Helper cells are disabled and killed during the course of the infection. These cells play an important part in the human body because they signal other cells to perform The AIDS epidemic is growing very rapidly among minority populations and is a leading killer of African American males. HIV can be transmitted by contact with infected blood, most often by the sharing of drug needles or syringes contaminated with blood containing the virus. The risk of contacting the HIV virus from blood transfusions has decreased since earlier years. Now all donated blood is screened for any signs of the HIV virus. HIV is spread most commonly by having sex with someone who already has the virus. The virus can enter the human body through the lining of the vagina, vulva, penis, rectum, or mouth during sex. Almost all HIV infected children get the HIV virus from their mothers before or during birth. A drug known as AZT can reduce risk of transmission of the virus from mother to child. The virus...

Analytical Essay Sample on Time in the Film How to Manipulate the Audience

Analytical Essay Sample on Time in the Film How to Manipulate the Audience I love to watch movies because I love to be entertained. Movies provide an escape from reality by entering into another world. A world comprised of characters, some you like and some you do not, and a story, which if effective will grip you and take you in. Sometimes so much to the extent, the world around you disappears and you become mesmerized and captivated by the images and the scenes that unfold on the screen. Film is an art form, a representation or even a manipulation of reality. I selected Amores Perros for the purposes of this essay. I popped the cassette into the VCR without looking at the actual playing time of the movie. I wanted to see how the film makers used their ability to manipulate time to affect me and my experience. Following the guidelines, I will start by producing a quick summary of the film. The film revolves around three different stories all intertwined through one devastating automobile accident experienced from three alternate perspectives and times throughout the film. The film is a patchwork narrative meaning, â€Å"there is no central plot and no single-line character. Instead, one story begets another and the primary conceit is part-for-whole (synecdoche).† The film opens up with a chase scene leading into the accident involving the main character of the first section of the movie, Octavio. Octavio lives in a poor household with his brother and his wife, Suzanna, their baby, and their mother. Octavio’s struggle begins when he falls in love with Suzanna. He finds a means of making money through subjecting his dog into fighting and seeks to earn enough to take his husband’s wife and the baby away with him. After Suzanna abandons Octavio with his brother and the mon ey, the dog fighting ends up in a messy disaster corrupted with foul play. Octavio finds himself in a violent car chase involving thugs of the dog fighting world. This leads up to the crash. The second section of the film involves a man named Daniel who leaves his family to pursue a life with his mistress, Valeria, a supermodel. He purchases an apartment for them to live together but their lives are quickly thrown in disarray when the model is hit by a speeding car racing through a red light, Octavio’s. Valeria is left in a wheelchair with her leg highly disfigured. Turmoil begins in their relationship when her dog disappears through the floorboards, and frustration of not being able to walk nor rely on her beauty kicks in. After a medical oversight the model’s leg is amputated and Daniel begins to wonder how his life unfolded in such disillusion. This leads us into the third part of the movie involving an ex-con man, El Chivo, in search of the strength to talk to his daughter whom he abandoned when she was two. El Chivo lives in a shanty home with several dogs as his family. Desperately seeking money, El Chivo acts as a hired hit-man. About to kill, he observes the brutal car crash between Octavio and Valeria. Racing to the scene he finds Octavio’s dog and rescues and nurtures it back to health. He leaves do go commit a murder only to return home to find Octavio’s dog covered in blood after mauling and killing every one of El Chivo’s dogs. This sparks some changes in El Chivo’s life, including a call to his daughter. As the three stories unfold they overlap and intertwine on many occasions within the film. Attached to the essay, is a graph of the dramatic structure of the film. It is separated into three divisions based on the three alternate story lines. Each line marked with the letter C represents the car crash on the three different occasions during the film. The movie as well as each story begins by witnessing the accident from a different perspective thus correlating with high viewer interest. The stories through sequences which flash back in time and disregarding a linear time structure capture events which raise the intensity of the film over elapsed time, until once again the crash is experienced. The lines marked S are the story’s time line of major events which build up intensity until the climactic crash scene. However the storylines are interrupted with quick scenes from the other storylines not to build intensity but to familiarize the audience with the characters whom are going to appear. Often a black screen appears for this transition to occur. In doing this the linear timeline is compromised completely, however the elapsed time continues while the viewer’s interest increases, pauses as the movie takes on a new story and then increases again while the movie returns to the rising excitement of the story being focused on. In the third and final story the movie comes to a closure just as each of the first two stories had previously done. However the sequences of the alternate storylines are higher in viewer interest than the alternate sequences in the main storylines for the first part of the film, because as time has progressed all three story are concluding. As I mentioned earlier, because our focus is on time in the cinema, I decided to put on Amores Perros without looking at the playing time. While I was watching the movie from an objective standpoint I noticed that I had no idea what time it was or how long the movie was going on. The physical projection time of the movie was 153 minutes, but the psychological time for the characters and me as the viewer far exceeded that. As for the psychological time of the characters, it was hard to construct the dramatic timeline in which the story unfolds in. Throughout the story each character goes through life altering events in a short span of time which affects their psychological time. The struggles the characters go through as for anyone who would go through such events, destroy their concepts of time as their worlds crumble and their lives take on new ordeals. Their patterns of daily life disintegrate and these new challenges consume the lives of these characters. As everything is thrown i nto disarray their past become faint memories of a different life. For these characters the grind of their present everyday environments is all that matters. As a viewer the experience of time is much different than that of the characters. The extent to which the life changing events have on the characters, draws out the psychological experience for the viewer miraculously. For the viewer, everything that takes place is so significant that the time seems to span far longer than the actual duration in which the film is running. Adding to this effect is the formula of the â€Å"forking paths† and the multiple storylines. The viewer is forced to go back in time after the completion of one character’s story to play out the events from an alternate character in the time that has already passed in the film. This technique, manipulates the viewer to disregard real time and consume themselves with the events on the screen. As each storyline intersects with one another the time seems to be moving in endless cycles. Two principle methods of temporal manipulation employed in the film are condensed and suspended time. The most common formula for films is the simple story formula, which involves a hero and his or her plight through an array of obstacles. â€Å"This formula may sound basic, but huge numbers of excellent movies have used it.† It also explains why condensed time was essential in the creation of this movie. By no means has Alexandro Gonzalez Inarritu directed a simple film formula. However in each separate story he focuses on individuals who experience an array of life changing events and pass through many obstacles along the way. Each of these stories exists on their own but are connected through one fated car accident, allowing the director to fit three stories into one film. In doing this, he must also ensure that the audience will have an emotional connection to each of the main characters in the film. In addition for the film to be successful each story must be able to exis t as its own entity. To do so, he has condensed time between scenes filled with constant energy and constant infliction on the characters. He does this using several techniques. The most simplistic method used by the director to condense time is, cutting out sequences that must exist for the scene to unfold. An example can be seen at the beginning of the chase scene where Octavio is running from the thugs. It shows the altercation which leads up to the chase, with Octavio getting a head start on his pursuers by foot as he approaches his car. The next shot then jumps into the car as the chase has begun. The action as well as the time that passes in between has been condensed. Another technique the director uses to condense time is the three alternate storylines. Although the movie is separated into three distinct parts and stories, the characters are intertwined throughout the whole film. By showing snippets of the characters throughout the entire film, he allows for condensed time b y reverting back to intense scenes in the main story, while time has progressed in between. He does this exceptionally as the film is riddled with excitement throughout each of the three stories. As a divergent film, Amores Perros uses â€Å"more than one story line and/or sets of characters that may intersect.† With the multi-layered film the director is able to create suspended time. While the other story lines are previewed, the main storyline jumps through scenes or time is suspended by viewing from where it was left off. Inarritu uses different techniques to alter the linear progression of time within this movie. Time is suspended while the different characters exist and live through the same time sequence. As the characters do not interact with one another the same time sequence is shown on several different occasions for the viewer. Time progresses for the audience yet the director manipulates the time on the screen by jumping backwards and forwards on a linear time se quences through the different characters and the events that surround them. On numerous occasions time in the film is suspended while this is occurring. In this film I think it is clearly evident that the soundtrack affects the temporal manipulation of the audience, as well as externalizing the characters’ feelings. Looking into two distinct scenes in the film, the love making scene, and the car chase provide succinct evidence of this. During the scene where Octavio is making love to Suzanna the music is soft and passionate. For the viewer the music aids the perception of time to slow it down. The music differentiates the pace and tempo of this scene from the rest of the film. The love making is drawn out and seems to lapse for longer than many of the other scenes. This correlates with both Octavio’s and Suzanna’s emotional experience during the scene. The car chase is accompanied by intense and fast music, working similar to the love scene only on the opposite end of the spectrum. Where this scene is meant to be intense and exciting the music gets harder and more exhilarating and the experience for the viewer ch anges. The music builds up as the scene and excitement build up as Ocativo’s life dangles in the mix. The scene elicits the response of being much faster than the love scene as the ordeal seems much quicker than that of the love scene. The film provides insight to the nature of time with its multiple strand formula. The three different storylines provide the viewer with the insight of the enormity of time itself. The experience allows the viewer to see the impact of time on an array of characters and events and the after effects which follow. It is through the progression of time that both chaos and order take form. This is exemplified as the characters have no prior contact with one and other before the fated car accident and no further contact following. It is through coincidental timing that the lives of all the characters are greatly affected. The impact of the nature of time is exhibited through each separate storyline.

Vodafone Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Vodafone - Essay Example ionally, the growing population coupled with poor communication network especially in rural areas has necessitated the demands of cost effective communication tools in these regions. In order to strengthen its presence on international level, Vodafone makes sure that it offers the offerings in accordance to the market needs. Presently, it has implemented a slightly different marketing strategy in developed and developing markets so that it can incorporate the demands of the respective markets. Even in India, it is targeting the rural population which does not has access to the mobile phones due to their high prices. Vodafone is utilising the marketing activities in compliance with Indian market so that the customers can understand its features. However, there is immense need of modifying the strategy so that it can include the business specific services for the thriving corporate world. Vodafone also known as Vodafone Group PLC is a multinational firm operating across the globe with having basis in UK. It is recognised as the Britain’s third prevalent mobile network operative company and the world’s largest mobile telecommunication network corporation which has revenues of about â‚ ¤20 million (Vodafone, 2013). The company was established in 1984 and its name is an acronym of Voice Data Fone. Currently, it has presence in all of the continents which comprises of direct operations in more than 21 countries and partnering networks in about 49 countries (Vodafone Institute for Society and Communications, 2013). Overall, the company is delivering services in more than 150 countries along with 23 different languages and has a customer (individuals and enterprises) base of more than 404 million (Vodafone Global Enterprise, 2014). The vision of Vodafone is â€Å"to attain the position of being a global leader in the mobile industry by adding value to the customer’s life and increase the profitability rate along with making the networks of mobile the ‘nervous

Close Observation of Nature Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Close Observation of Nature - Essay Example Nature has always existed around us, in all forms of life. Even when technological advancements have led humans to kill nature in the most excruciating way, nature has continued to persist with its charm and beauty. It exists in the form of gardens and forests all around us. Sitting alone by Coast Redwood Tree in Jedediah Smith Redwoods State Park in the state of California, I kept admiring the beauty of nature. The Park is named after Jedediah Smith, who was a traveller and was the first to explore this area in 1826. The Smith River that flows all across the park adds to the splendor of the park. Sitting there, watching the river run silently, with chipmunks, squirrels, and racoons running over the place gives the place a charm of completeness. This place is an inclusive substitute of the home which will never let you get bored. (Redwood Hikes) Admiring the enhancement and lure the place had on me, I was mesmerized by the motion of the river that how it flows peacefully giving the place a fairytale environment. I noticed that the ants were travelling from one tree to another in a straight line, and then travelling to the top of the trees for their food. They would then come down and travel to the roots of the trees, perhaps to feed their young ones who are still infants and needed to be fed. The way they were caring reminded me of how we humans care for our kids. As humans, we go out from morning to evening in the quest of money- money that earns us foods, that is the stance of our livelihood.